open source evidence

Page numbers are for draft copy at present; they will be replaced with correct numbers when final book is formatted. Chapter numbers are correct and will not change now.

Open source evidence refers to media that is gathered from social media, or other informal platforms, in contrast to conventional sourecs such as investigators or journalists. It isused esepcially in human rights cases where official gatgering is diffiuclt or impossible, especially close to the time of an incident. Open source evidence often has problems of provenance, as those creating it often have to be anonymous, and permanence, as there may be take-down notices, or the graohic natire of the material may violate platform policies. AI has been used as part of the process of verifiying such evidence, for example identifying the time and place.